Undescended testis is a condition in which one or both testicles do not move down into the scrotum before a baby is born. Normally, the testicles develop inside the abdomen of a baby boy during pregnancy and gradually move down into the scrotum before birth. The scrotum is the skin pouch located below the penis that holds the testicles and keeps them at the right temperature for sperm production later in life.
When this movement does not happen properly, the testicle may remain inside the abdomen or get stuck somewhere along the path of descent. This condition is known as Undescended Testis or Cryptorchidism.
It is one of the most common conditions seen in newborn boys, especially in premature babies. In many cases, the testicle may descend on its own during the first few months after birth. However, if it does not move down by six months of age, medical treatment may be required.
Early diagnosis and treatment are important because an untreated undescended testicle may increase the risk of fertility problems or other complications later in life.
Doctors usually classify this condition based on the position of the testicle.
1. Abdominal Testis: In this type, the testicle remains inside the abdomen and does not move down toward the scrotum.
2. Inguinal Testis: Here, the testicle gets stuck in the inguinal canal, which is the passage between the abdomen and the scrotum.
3. Retractile Testis: In this condition, the testicle moves back and forth between the groin and the scrotum due to muscle movement. It may appear undescended but can often be moved into the scrotum during examination.
4. Ascending Testis: Sometimes a testicle that was previously in the scrotum moves back up into the groin area. This condition is called ascending or acquired undescended testis.
The exact reason why the testicle fails to descend is not always clear. However, several factors may contribute to this condition.
Possible causes include:
In many babies, doctors cannot identify a specific cause.
The most noticeable sign of this condition is the absence of one or both testicles in the scrotum.
Common signs include:
Usually, this condition does not cause pain in babies. It is often noticed by parents or during routine newborn examination by a doctor.
Some babies have a higher risk of developing undescended testicles.
These risk factors include:
If an undescended testicle is not treated in time, it may lead to certain complications later in life.
Doctors usually diagnose an undescended testis during a physical examination.
Diagnosis methods may include:
Early diagnosis helps doctors decide the best treatment plan.
In some newborns, the testicle may descend naturally within the first few months of life. If it does not come down by the age of six months, doctors usually recommend treatment.
Observation
Doctors may monitor the baby for a few months to see if the testicle moves into the scrotum naturally.
Hormonal Therapy
Hormone injections may sometimes be used to stimulate the descent of the testicle, although this treatment is less commonly used today.
Surgery (Orchiopexy)
The most effective treatment is a surgical procedure called orchiopexy. During this procedure:
This surgery is usually done between 6 months and 18 months of age and has a high success rate.
Most children recover quickly after orchiopexy surgery.
Parents are usually advised to:
Children generally return to normal activities within a short time.
Parents can take a few steps to support their child’s health.
Helpful tips include:
Early treatment ensures better long-term outcomes.
Parents should consult a doctor if they notice:
Early medical evaluation helps prevent complications.
Is undescended testis common in babies?
Yes, it is one of the most common conditions seen in newborn boys, especially premature babies.
Can an undescended testicle come down naturally?
In many babies, the testicle descends naturally within the first few months of life.
Is surgery necessary for undescended testis?
If the testicle does not descend by six months of age, surgery is usually recommended.
Can this condition affect fertility later in life?
If untreated, it may affect sperm production and fertility in adulthood.
Is orchiopexy a safe surgery?
Yes, orchiopexy is a safe and commonly performed procedure with a high success rate.
Dr. Muni Varma is an experienced Pediatric Surgeon and Pediatric Urologist , offering advanced diagnosis and treatment for conditions like an undescended testis. With a patient-focused approach and modern medical techniques, Dr. Varma ensures that children receive safe, effective, and timely care. Early treatment and proper surgical management help prevent long-term complications and support healthy development.
